Lecture eleven; The production and critique of institutions.

- Museums played an idealogical part in society. They give induviduals a sense of belonging. 
- If your paid by someone else to do work you feel disconnected.
- For Marx, capitalism created a clear class divide.
- A voice is made of different constructs based on varied opinion.
- Your place in the world is socially constructed. 
- Core structure for ideology for Marx is the fact everyone brings different views to the table. 
- The Louve in Paris; idealogical institution of belief.
- On the opening of the gallery there was a festival set to bring everyone together. 
- Free and equal access was granted to those who had never experienced these wonderful things. 
- A politician claimed that the opening of the gallery would quiet the political storm. 
- It served a political purpose as well as one for bringing people together. 
- Marx's ideology had a clear political function. 
- Mythologies; Roland Barthes. He analysed elements such as magazine covers and discussed the predjudice in society. 
- Ideology looks at how natural elements have formed to become historical. 
- The idea that women are caring and men are strong is an ideology created by society. 
- Different people in different situations can construct ideology.
- Our place in the world generates our beliefs. 
- The great exhibition at crystal palace 1851. Generated spaces for exploration, broadcasting power. Exhibitions like this created a sense of belonging. 
- Panopticism links because one of the core functions of the space was that you behaved in a certain way.
- Modern art began to address the induvidual with the art space due to elements such as layout. 
- The status of art in the 20th century was being contested because it was being drawn away from society. 
- Art began to communicate through graphic design to fit with social change. 
- Colour, shape and characteristics began to become emotive based on how the artist may feel. 
- Colour could capture feelings that were felt when the artist interacted with nature. 
- An important element of modern art was that it was set out in a certain way to create an emotional impact. 
- Art becomes about visual elements now instead of something that is linked to society and politics.
- Life is made up of getting things done. The art gallery was a space in which people could escape from life. 
- From all ideologies together we get a set of social values. 
- The dada movement rejected all the values that were previously felt. It was anti art and came about around world war one. 
- Dada 3 was a magazine created to possibly influence others. No form of positivity comes from this. 
- "There's nothing naturally pleasing about an art work" It's the way the art work is conveyed. 
- Art is based on induvidual expression and expects a response from others. 
- Duchamp is trying to prove that art has become seperate from social life eg. 'Bottlerack' piece. 
- To fully appreciate colour in artworks they need to be placed in the right space eg. bright white rooms/galleries. 
- The architectural structure of galleries began to guide people around them. 
- Most elements were removed so galleries became minimalist and artworks could fullfill their full visual potential. 

Task five; the gaze.

‘According to usage and conventions which are at last being questioned but have by no means been overcome - men act and women appear. Men look at women. Women watch themselves being looked at’ (Berger 1972, 45, 47)

Alexandre Cabanel 1863

In the time when this painting came about men definitely had the power and ruling over women. This type of painting would not be seen as provocative in any sense and in fact creates a message about the type of person Venus was described to be with focus on sexuality and beauty. The theory behind the gaze is that women are looked upon but do not look back, this has been presented well in this painting because Venus is covering her eyes therefor has no chance of gazing back, also the way in which she is doing this is almost as though she actually wants to be gazed upon, as though she knew her role at the time. There is clear male power over the painting because she has been placed in a pose in which most of her body can be gazed upon. The cherubs are yet further indication of Venus' characteristics in the sense that they are pure so make this pose seem furthermore innocent.

Eva Herzigová 1994

Within more modern examples of the gaze there has been little changes to the way in which women are presented. In the same way as the painting of Venus, the woman in this advert can be gazed upon but does not gaze back. The main difference that can be seen between the two is the fact that because photography has been used in the advert, the model has a bit more decency to her because photography is seen as provacative in the sense it is 'real'. The other difference here is that the model looks more as though she is enjoying being gazed upon, this may be because it has become the 'norm' for women or is it because women are trying to loosen the power men have over them? However, It connotes that women may feel more confident if they buy this product due to the expression on the models face, so maybe this is just another way of selling the product to its audience by creating an idea. 

Task four; hyperreality.

Universal Studios, America. 

Universal studios in Orlando and Hollywood are both examples of hyperreality in the sense that they take you to a whole other world, a fantasty world, which almost becomes believable because it is physical and can be interacted with, its exciting. Everything within places such as this is exaggerated and makes things we've dreamed of come true in terms of being a part of our favourite films and visiting Hogwarts for example. The reason universal studios can become a form of hyperreality is because certain elements inside are things we've only ever seen in the movies and because we can now actually go and visit these places it begins to make us believe that they are more real and we make connections with the real world. An example that I understand from being a fan of the show is the fact that in universal studios hollywood you can go visit Wisteria Lane within which Desperate Housewives is filmed. Those that become big enough fans of hit tv shows such a this already believe that they can have some sort of connection with the characters in the programme but now with the ability to go and visit the street in which the housewives live on, it makes it more real and seem as though this story could in fact be true. The street itself is actually outside and the houses are exsisting, even the actual cars seen in the show are on the drive ways, so nothing about it will seem fake if you are well enough wrapped up in the storylines and programme. Its almost as though you expect one of the housewives to come out of their house. Due to the fact this street is so realistic you almost forget that it's 'fake' and has been made for filming purposes. Being able to interact with the characters world makes it seem more possible that it could actually be real.

Lecture ten; Deleuze and Guattari and creativity.

- Social life as a construct that keeps changing. 
- How induvidual people may consider changing themselves. 
- Deleuze and Guattari are people who examined social change. 
- The idea of a sign is constructed through a pattern of usage to different languages. 
- The assembledge: organisation, fitting together, bringing together. (A formation).
- How is the language system set so that we respond in certain ways? 
- Hoodies form an essembledge of bodies and the language shown through their appearance creates an atmosphere. 
- Events may produce changes in the way that these people are viewed. 
- The tabloids can change the view of these assembledges. 
- Our sense of self is always under construction. 
- The word 'I' is empty and can only be apropriated to different people. 
- For Freud, we are shaped as a child based on the relationship we have with our parents. 

Lecture nine; censorship and 'truth'.

- Indexical qualities of photography include things such as the fact images can be edited. 
- Using films within the darkroom means that images can be manipulated so that they are 'untrue' because different seasons or times of day can be represented.
- Is there truth within photography?  Elements can be set up so you see what people want you to see. 
- Airbrushing and other forms of image manipulation used on magazine covers create false truth but one we are aware of. 
- When does truth within photography actually matter? 
- There was a pool of photographers set for the Gulf war as this was the only way of recording imagery. 
- It was said that the Gulf war was not real but was set up for media purposes. The start of the war was set up to be started. 
- The images produced however, made it look like there was a genuine war and people were actually dying. Censorship; censoring films, art and publications. 
- Morals, what is seen as acceptable. 
- Within advertising is the censoring down to one persons personal interpretation or if one person thinks it, do we all? 
- Are adverts that challenge society wrong? eg. united colours of benneton. 
- Within censorship there is always likely to be someone who objects, and the ASA can withdraw ads if they agree. 
- The difference between art and photography is one is a representation so do they have the opposite morals? Is fine art more acceptable? because it's just a painting so it's not 'real'. 
The Miller test
- Ask three questions to determine if something is seen as obscene. 
- When fine art starts using photography it becomes somewhat more provocative and realistic.
- If artists use their own children is this then seen as more acceptable? The images are like any other family photos but the fact they are scaled and put in an art gallery makes them morally wrong. 
- Who should be protected? artist, viewer or subject?